Go设计模式01-单例模式

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笔记

代码实现

单例模式采用了 饿汉式 和 懒汉式 两种实现,个人其实更倾向于饿汉式的实现,简单,并且可以将问题及早暴露,懒汉式虽然支持延迟加载,但是这只是把冷启动时间放到了第一次使用的时候,并没有本质上解决问题,并且为了实现懒汉式还不可避免的需要加锁。

饿汉式

代码实现:

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package singleton

// Singleton 饿汉式单例
type Singleton struct{}

var singleton *Singleton

func init() {
singleton = &Singleton{}
}

// GetInstance 获取实例
func GetInstance() *Singleton {
return singleton
}

单元测试:

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package singleton_test

import (
"testing"

singleton "github.com/mohuishou/go-design-pattern/01_singleton"

"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestGetInstance(t *testing.T) {
assert.Equal(t, singleton.GetInstance(), singleton.GetInstance())
}

func BenchmarkGetInstanceParallel(b *testing.B) {
b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
for pb.Next() {
if singleton.GetInstance() != singleton.GetInstance() {
b.Errorf("test fail")
}
}
})
}

懒汉式(双重检测)

代码实现:

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package singleton

import "sync"

var (
lazySingleton *Singleton
once = &sync.Once{}
)

// GetLazyInstance 懒汉式
func GetLazyInstance() *Singleton {
if lazySingleton == nil {
once.Do(func() {
lazySingleton = &Singleton{}
})
}
return lazySingleton
}

单元测试:

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package singleton_test

import (
"testing"

singleton "github.com/mohuishou/go-design-pattern/01_singleton"

"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestGetLazyInstance(t *testing.T) {
assert.Equal(t, singleton.GetLazyInstance(), singleton.GetLazyInstance())
}

func BenchmarkGetLazyInstanceParallel(b *testing.B) {
b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
for pb.Next() {
if singleton.GetLazyInstance() != singleton.GetLazyInstance() {
b.Errorf("test fail")
}
}
})
}

测试结果

感谢 @lixianyang 的指正

可以看到直接 init 获取的性能要好一些

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▶ C:\Users\laili\sdk\go1.15\bin\go.exe test -benchmem -bench="." -v
=== RUN TestGetLazyInstance
--- PASS: TestGetLazyInstance (0.00s)
=== RUN TestGetInstance
--- PASS: TestGetInstance (0.00s)
goos: windows
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/mohuishou/go-design-pattern/01_singleton
BenchmarkGetLazyInstanceParallel
BenchmarkGetLazyInstanceParallel-4 535702941 2.24 ns/op 0 B/op
0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGetInstanceParallel
BenchmarkGetInstanceParallel-4 1000000000 0.586 ns/op 0 B/op
0 allocs/op
PASS
ok github.com/mohuishou/go-design-pattern/01_singleton 3.161s

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